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nhdf cells  (PromoCell)


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    PromoCell nhdf cells
    (A) Viability of <t>NHDF</t> <t>cells</t> exposed to different concentrations of GO-Se as determined by MTT assay. (a); 24 h, (b); 48 h, (c); 72 h. Control cells were assigned 100 % viability. The experiments were conducted in quadruplicate (n = 4), and the data are expressed as median ± IQR. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 by Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's Multiple comparison test. (B) IC 50 of GO-Se in NHDF cells at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.
    Nhdf Cells, supplied by PromoCell, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 57 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/nhdf cells/product/PromoCell
    Average 94 stars, based on 57 article reviews
    nhdf cells - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
    94/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects"

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    (A) Viability of NHDF cells exposed to different concentrations of GO-Se as determined by MTT assay. (a); 24 h, (b); 48 h, (c); 72 h. Control cells were assigned 100 % viability. The experiments were conducted in quadruplicate (n = 4), and the data are expressed as median ± IQR. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 by Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's Multiple comparison test. (B) IC 50 of GO-Se in NHDF cells at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Viability of NHDF cells exposed to different concentrations of GO-Se as determined by MTT assay. (a); 24 h, (b); 48 h, (c); 72 h. Control cells were assigned 100 % viability. The experiments were conducted in quadruplicate (n = 4), and the data are expressed as median ± IQR. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 by Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's Multiple comparison test. (B) IC 50 of GO-Se in NHDF cells at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.

    Techniques Used: MTT Assay, Control, Comparison

    Panels A , B , and C depict apoptotic morphological changes observed at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, using AO/EtBr staining and fluorescence microscopy (10 × ). NHDF cells were treated with GO-Se at sub-IC 50 (200 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 150 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 75 μg mL −1 for 72 h), IC 50 (275 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 163 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 110 μg mL −1 for 72 h), and supra-IC 50 (400 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 300 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 200 μg mL −1 for 72 h) doses at each respective time point. Data represent three independent experiments (n = 3). The yellow arrows represented cells exposed to supra-IC 50 concentrations exhibited extensive nuclear condensation, chromatin fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. Scale bar: 200 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
    Figure Legend Snippet: Panels A , B , and C depict apoptotic morphological changes observed at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, using AO/EtBr staining and fluorescence microscopy (10 × ). NHDF cells were treated with GO-Se at sub-IC 50 (200 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 150 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 75 μg mL −1 for 72 h), IC 50 (275 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 163 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 110 μg mL −1 for 72 h), and supra-IC 50 (400 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 300 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 200 μg mL −1 for 72 h) doses at each respective time point. Data represent three independent experiments (n = 3). The yellow arrows represented cells exposed to supra-IC 50 concentrations exhibited extensive nuclear condensation, chromatin fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. Scale bar: 200 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Techniques Used: Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy

    (A) Fluorescence microscopy images (10 × ) showing ROS levels in control and GO-Se-treated NHDF cells at the IC 50 dose after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. a) Control, b) 24 h: IC 50 dose 275 μg mL −1 , c) 48 h: IC 50 dose 163 μg mL −1 , and d) 72 h: IC 50 dose 110 μg mL −1 . H 2 O 2 : positive control. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of ROS production in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Flow cytometry analysis of ROS production was normalized to untreated controls. Assay responsiveness was confirmed in the microscopy arm with H 2 O 2 as a positive control. The bar graph presents the quantification of H 2 DCFDA fluorescence intensity in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se. Data are expressed as median ± IQR from three independent (n = 3) experiments by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 vs. control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Fluorescence microscopy images (10 × ) showing ROS levels in control and GO-Se-treated NHDF cells at the IC 50 dose after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. a) Control, b) 24 h: IC 50 dose 275 μg mL −1 , c) 48 h: IC 50 dose 163 μg mL −1 , and d) 72 h: IC 50 dose 110 μg mL −1 . H 2 O 2 : positive control. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of ROS production in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Flow cytometry analysis of ROS production was normalized to untreated controls. Assay responsiveness was confirmed in the microscopy arm with H 2 O 2 as a positive control. The bar graph presents the quantification of H 2 DCFDA fluorescence intensity in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se. Data are expressed as median ± IQR from three independent (n = 3) experiments by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 vs. control.

    Techniques Used: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Control, Positive Control, Flow Cytometry

    Effect of GO-Se on CAT activity (% of control) in NHDF cells after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of GO-Se on CAT activity (% of control) in NHDF cells after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Control

    Effect of GO-Se on GPx activity (% of control) in NHDF cells after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of GO-Se on GPx activity (% of control) in NHDF cells after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Control

    (A) An in vitro wound healing model was used to examine the effect of GO-Se on NHDF cell migration. W 0 : wound area at 0 h (μm 2 ). Wt 24 , Wt 48 , and Wt 72 : wound area at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Quantification of wound closure at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells, presented as relative units (%). Results represent the mean of four measurements per wound area, based on four independent experiments (n = 4) by Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's Multiple comparison test. # and ## indicate comparisons between control groups at different time points (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). & indicates comparisons between GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05). ∗ indicates comparisons between the control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h. (C) Quantification of wound healing speed (μm 2 h −1 ) at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells . # Indicates comparisons between control groups at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05); ∗ indicates comparisons between control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05).
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) An in vitro wound healing model was used to examine the effect of GO-Se on NHDF cell migration. W 0 : wound area at 0 h (μm 2 ). Wt 24 , Wt 48 , and Wt 72 : wound area at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Quantification of wound closure at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells, presented as relative units (%). Results represent the mean of four measurements per wound area, based on four independent experiments (n = 4) by Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's Multiple comparison test. # and ## indicate comparisons between control groups at different time points (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). & indicates comparisons between GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05). ∗ indicates comparisons between the control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h. (C) Quantification of wound healing speed (μm 2 h −1 ) at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells . # Indicates comparisons between control groups at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05); ∗ indicates comparisons between control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05).

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Migration, Control, Comparison

    Expression profiles of DDR-related proteins in NHDF cells following 24 h exposure to GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 (IC 50 ). (A) Antibody array layout showing antigen-specific antibody spots; “nbs1” control spots were used for data normalization, and “NEG” spots served as negative controls for baseline signal measurement. (B) Representative images of the original antibody arrays. (C) Heat map illustrating the relative expression levels of DDR-related proteins, with color intensity indicating normalized expression values. Data represent four independent experiments (n = 4). (D) Semi-quantitative analysis of DDR-related proteins expression using antibody microarray in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 for 24 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4) relative to control cells. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons test: ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
    Figure Legend Snippet: Expression profiles of DDR-related proteins in NHDF cells following 24 h exposure to GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 (IC 50 ). (A) Antibody array layout showing antigen-specific antibody spots; “nbs1” control spots were used for data normalization, and “NEG” spots served as negative controls for baseline signal measurement. (B) Representative images of the original antibody arrays. (C) Heat map illustrating the relative expression levels of DDR-related proteins, with color intensity indicating normalized expression values. Data represent four independent experiments (n = 4). (D) Semi-quantitative analysis of DDR-related proteins expression using antibody microarray in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 for 24 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4) relative to control cells. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons test: ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Ab Array, Control, Microarray

    Expression profiles of cytokine-related factors in NHDF cells following 24 h treatment with GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 . A human cytokine antibody array containing 40 cytokines was used, with “POS” positive control spots applied for data normalization. (A) Each antibody was spotted in quadruplicate in a horizontal layout. (B) Representative fluorescence images of the cytokine antibody arrays. (C) Upregulated cytokines identified in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 , 24 h). The array detected nine significantly upregulated cytokines compared to control cells, including chemokines, metalloproteinase, interleukins/receptors, and macrophage inflammatory protein. (D) Downregulated cytokines identified in GO-Se–treated NHDF cells. Six cytokines were significantly downregulated, comprising adhesion receptor, metalloproteinase, interleukins/, macrophage inflammatory protein, and colony-stimulating factor. Data represent four independent experiments (n = 4). Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired Student's t-test. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.005, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Expression profiles of cytokine-related factors in NHDF cells following 24 h treatment with GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 . A human cytokine antibody array containing 40 cytokines was used, with “POS” positive control spots applied for data normalization. (A) Each antibody was spotted in quadruplicate in a horizontal layout. (B) Representative fluorescence images of the cytokine antibody arrays. (C) Upregulated cytokines identified in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 , 24 h). The array detected nine significantly upregulated cytokines compared to control cells, including chemokines, metalloproteinase, interleukins/receptors, and macrophage inflammatory protein. (D) Downregulated cytokines identified in GO-Se–treated NHDF cells. Six cytokines were significantly downregulated, comprising adhesion receptor, metalloproteinase, interleukins/, macrophage inflammatory protein, and colony-stimulating factor. Data represent four independent experiments (n = 4). Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired Student's t-test. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.005, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Ab Array, Positive Control, Fluorescence, Control



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    Image Search Results


    Normalized intracellular procollagen concentration in Human Dermal Fibroblasts with varying experimental conditions: ( A ) frequency dependence, with 120 min stimulation and no rest time; ( B ) rest time dependence, after 10 min stimulation for 1 Hz and 1 kHz. The applied pulse was positive bias, 5 V, 10% duty. Error bars represent the standard deviation from six measurements. * p < 0.05.

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    Article Title: Kv1.3 Ion Channels Mediate Electrical Stimulation-Induced Collagen Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

    doi: 10.3390/cosmetics12030086

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Normalized intracellular procollagen concentration in Human Dermal Fibroblasts with varying experimental conditions: ( A ) frequency dependence, with 120 min stimulation and no rest time; ( B ) rest time dependence, after 10 min stimulation for 1 Hz and 1 kHz. The applied pulse was positive bias, 5 V, 10% duty. Error bars represent the standard deviation from six measurements. * p < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: The Human Dermal Fibroblast cells were cultured in Fibroblast Basal Medium (ATCC) supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Kit- Low Serum (ATCC) and 0.5% Penicillin Streptomycin L-Glutamine Mixture (Pen/Strep, Lonza, Morristown, NJ, USA).

    Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

    Normalized intracellular procollagen concentration in Human Dermal Fibroblasts without (no ES) and with (ES) electrical stimulation; with the addition of 20 μM of 4-aminopyridine (4AP, blue) or 5 nM of Psoralen (Pap-1, red). Error bars represent the standard deviation from six measurements. * p < 0.05.

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    Article Title: Kv1.3 Ion Channels Mediate Electrical Stimulation-Induced Collagen Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

    doi: 10.3390/cosmetics12030086

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Normalized intracellular procollagen concentration in Human Dermal Fibroblasts without (no ES) and with (ES) electrical stimulation; with the addition of 20 μM of 4-aminopyridine (4AP, blue) or 5 nM of Psoralen (Pap-1, red). Error bars represent the standard deviation from six measurements. * p < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: The Human Dermal Fibroblast cells were cultured in Fibroblast Basal Medium (ATCC) supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Kit- Low Serum (ATCC) and 0.5% Penicillin Streptomycin L-Glutamine Mixture (Pen/Strep, Lonza, Morristown, NJ, USA).

    Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

    Bright-field images of Human Dermal Fibroblasts 24 h after ES (20 min, positive bias +5 V, 1% duty, 1 Hz) incubated with trypan blue. ( A ) no ES, ( B ) ES, ( C ) ES + 20 μM of 4-aminopyridine.

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    Article Title: Kv1.3 Ion Channels Mediate Electrical Stimulation-Induced Collagen Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

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    Figure Lengend Snippet: Bright-field images of Human Dermal Fibroblasts 24 h after ES (20 min, positive bias +5 V, 1% duty, 1 Hz) incubated with trypan blue. ( A ) no ES, ( B ) ES, ( C ) ES + 20 μM of 4-aminopyridine.

    Article Snippet: The Human Dermal Fibroblast cells were cultured in Fibroblast Basal Medium (ATCC) supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Kit- Low Serum (ATCC) and 0.5% Penicillin Streptomycin L-Glutamine Mixture (Pen/Strep, Lonza, Morristown, NJ, USA).

    Techniques: Incubation

    ( A,B ) Fluorescence microscopy of Human Dermal Fibroblasts incubated with 5FAM-ShK peptide (50 μM for 30 min); ( C ) Flow cytometry in FITC channel, incubated for 30 min in varying concentrations of peptide (0–50 pM, 50,000 cells/count).

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    Article Title: Kv1.3 Ion Channels Mediate Electrical Stimulation-Induced Collagen Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

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    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A,B ) Fluorescence microscopy of Human Dermal Fibroblasts incubated with 5FAM-ShK peptide (50 μM for 30 min); ( C ) Flow cytometry in FITC channel, incubated for 30 min in varying concentrations of peptide (0–50 pM, 50,000 cells/count).

    Article Snippet: The Human Dermal Fibroblast cells were cultured in Fibroblast Basal Medium (ATCC) supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Kit- Low Serum (ATCC) and 0.5% Penicillin Streptomycin L-Glutamine Mixture (Pen/Strep, Lonza, Morristown, NJ, USA).

    Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Incubation, Flow Cytometry

    Human Dermal Fibroblasts proliferation study with Cell Titter Glo 2.0 luminescence assay. Cell counts at 0 h (black) and 12 h (blue) with different treatments of calcium and/or Psoralen (Pap-1). Error bars represent the standard deviation calculated from six measurements. * p < 0.05.

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    Article Title: Kv1.3 Ion Channels Mediate Electrical Stimulation-Induced Collagen Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

    doi: 10.3390/cosmetics12030086

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Human Dermal Fibroblasts proliferation study with Cell Titter Glo 2.0 luminescence assay. Cell counts at 0 h (black) and 12 h (blue) with different treatments of calcium and/or Psoralen (Pap-1). Error bars represent the standard deviation calculated from six measurements. * p < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: The Human Dermal Fibroblast cells were cultured in Fibroblast Basal Medium (ATCC) supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Kit- Low Serum (ATCC) and 0.5% Penicillin Streptomycin L-Glutamine Mixture (Pen/Strep, Lonza, Morristown, NJ, USA).

    Techniques: Luminescence Assay, Standard Deviation

    The time courses of fluorescence emission intensity in Human Dermal Fibroblast cells loaded passively with Fluo-4 averaged over the selected area (red circle) in the image plotted next to the selected time frames; ( A ) baseline, ( B ) addition of 1 μM ionomycin at 167 s, addition of 1 mM calcium at 65 s. The images and time courses were NOT corrected for background, initial point fluorescence emission, and artificial offsets induced by the solutions added to the culture during recording. The AVI files are available as ( – ).

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    Article Title: Kv1.3 Ion Channels Mediate Electrical Stimulation-Induced Collagen Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

    doi: 10.3390/cosmetics12030086

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The time courses of fluorescence emission intensity in Human Dermal Fibroblast cells loaded passively with Fluo-4 averaged over the selected area (red circle) in the image plotted next to the selected time frames; ( A ) baseline, ( B ) addition of 1 μM ionomycin at 167 s, addition of 1 mM calcium at 65 s. The images and time courses were NOT corrected for background, initial point fluorescence emission, and artificial offsets induced by the solutions added to the culture during recording. The AVI files are available as ( – ).

    Article Snippet: The Human Dermal Fibroblast cells were cultured in Fibroblast Basal Medium (ATCC) supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Kit- Low Serum (ATCC) and 0.5% Penicillin Streptomycin L-Glutamine Mixture (Pen/Strep, Lonza, Morristown, NJ, USA).

    Techniques: Fluorescence

    The time courses of fluorescence emission intensity in Human Dermal Fibroblast cells loaded passively with Fluo-4 averaged over the selected area (red or blue circle) in the image plotted next to the selected time frames; ( A ) treated with 6 V/1 Hz/10% duty ES, ( B ) treated with 50 pM ShK peptide 6 V/1 Hz/10% duty ES, treated with 6 V/1 kHz/10% duty ES. The images and time courses were NOT corrected for background, initial point fluorescence emission, and artificial offsets induced by the solutions added to the culture during recording. The AVI files are available as ( – ).

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    Article Title: Kv1.3 Ion Channels Mediate Electrical Stimulation-Induced Collagen Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

    doi: 10.3390/cosmetics12030086

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The time courses of fluorescence emission intensity in Human Dermal Fibroblast cells loaded passively with Fluo-4 averaged over the selected area (red or blue circle) in the image plotted next to the selected time frames; ( A ) treated with 6 V/1 Hz/10% duty ES, ( B ) treated with 50 pM ShK peptide 6 V/1 Hz/10% duty ES, treated with 6 V/1 kHz/10% duty ES. The images and time courses were NOT corrected for background, initial point fluorescence emission, and artificial offsets induced by the solutions added to the culture during recording. The AVI files are available as ( – ).

    Article Snippet: The Human Dermal Fibroblast cells were cultured in Fibroblast Basal Medium (ATCC) supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Kit- Low Serum (ATCC) and 0.5% Penicillin Streptomycin L-Glutamine Mixture (Pen/Strep, Lonza, Morristown, NJ, USA).

    Techniques: Fluorescence

    Proposed ES signal transduction pathway of Human Dermal Fibroblasts resulting in upregulation of collagen expression. BK = calcium-activated potassium channels.

    Journal: Cosmetics

    Article Title: Kv1.3 Ion Channels Mediate Electrical Stimulation-Induced Collagen Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

    doi: 10.3390/cosmetics12030086

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed ES signal transduction pathway of Human Dermal Fibroblasts resulting in upregulation of collagen expression. BK = calcium-activated potassium channels.

    Article Snippet: The Human Dermal Fibroblast cells were cultured in Fibroblast Basal Medium (ATCC) supplemented with Fibroblast Growth Kit- Low Serum (ATCC) and 0.5% Penicillin Streptomycin L-Glutamine Mixture (Pen/Strep, Lonza, Morristown, NJ, USA).

    Techniques: Transduction, Expressing

    (A) Viability of NHDF cells exposed to different concentrations of GO-Se as determined by MTT assay. (a); 24 h, (b); 48 h, (c); 72 h. Control cells were assigned 100 % viability. The experiments were conducted in quadruplicate (n = 4), and the data are expressed as median ± IQR. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 by Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's Multiple comparison test. (B) IC 50 of GO-Se in NHDF cells at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Viability of NHDF cells exposed to different concentrations of GO-Se as determined by MTT assay. (a); 24 h, (b); 48 h, (c); 72 h. Control cells were assigned 100 % viability. The experiments were conducted in quadruplicate (n = 4), and the data are expressed as median ± IQR. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 by Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's Multiple comparison test. (B) IC 50 of GO-Se in NHDF cells at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.

    Article Snippet: NHDF cells (C-23210, PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, Lot: 0001,653,683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191,002), and 2 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

    Techniques: MTT Assay, Control, Comparison

    Panels A , B , and C depict apoptotic morphological changes observed at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, using AO/EtBr staining and fluorescence microscopy (10 × ). NHDF cells were treated with GO-Se at sub-IC 50 (200 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 150 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 75 μg mL −1 for 72 h), IC 50 (275 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 163 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 110 μg mL −1 for 72 h), and supra-IC 50 (400 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 300 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 200 μg mL −1 for 72 h) doses at each respective time point. Data represent three independent experiments (n = 3). The yellow arrows represented cells exposed to supra-IC 50 concentrations exhibited extensive nuclear condensation, chromatin fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. Scale bar: 200 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Panels A , B , and C depict apoptotic morphological changes observed at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, using AO/EtBr staining and fluorescence microscopy (10 × ). NHDF cells were treated with GO-Se at sub-IC 50 (200 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 150 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 75 μg mL −1 for 72 h), IC 50 (275 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 163 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 110 μg mL −1 for 72 h), and supra-IC 50 (400 μg mL −1 for 24 h, 300 μg mL −1 for 48 h, and 200 μg mL −1 for 72 h) doses at each respective time point. Data represent three independent experiments (n = 3). The yellow arrows represented cells exposed to supra-IC 50 concentrations exhibited extensive nuclear condensation, chromatin fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. Scale bar: 200 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: NHDF cells (C-23210, PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, Lot: 0001,653,683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191,002), and 2 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

    Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy

    (A) Fluorescence microscopy images (10 × ) showing ROS levels in control and GO-Se-treated NHDF cells at the IC 50 dose after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. a) Control, b) 24 h: IC 50 dose 275 μg mL −1 , c) 48 h: IC 50 dose 163 μg mL −1 , and d) 72 h: IC 50 dose 110 μg mL −1 . H 2 O 2 : positive control. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of ROS production in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Flow cytometry analysis of ROS production was normalized to untreated controls. Assay responsiveness was confirmed in the microscopy arm with H 2 O 2 as a positive control. The bar graph presents the quantification of H 2 DCFDA fluorescence intensity in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se. Data are expressed as median ± IQR from three independent (n = 3) experiments by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 vs. control.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Fluorescence microscopy images (10 × ) showing ROS levels in control and GO-Se-treated NHDF cells at the IC 50 dose after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. a) Control, b) 24 h: IC 50 dose 275 μg mL −1 , c) 48 h: IC 50 dose 163 μg mL −1 , and d) 72 h: IC 50 dose 110 μg mL −1 . H 2 O 2 : positive control. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of ROS production in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Flow cytometry analysis of ROS production was normalized to untreated controls. Assay responsiveness was confirmed in the microscopy arm with H 2 O 2 as a positive control. The bar graph presents the quantification of H 2 DCFDA fluorescence intensity in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se. Data are expressed as median ± IQR from three independent (n = 3) experiments by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 vs. control.

    Article Snippet: NHDF cells (C-23210, PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, Lot: 0001,653,683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191,002), and 2 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

    Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Control, Positive Control, Flow Cytometry

    Effect of GO-Se on CAT activity (% of control) in NHDF cells after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GO-Se on CAT activity (% of control) in NHDF cells after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Article Snippet: NHDF cells (C-23210, PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, Lot: 0001,653,683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191,002), and 2 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

    Effect of GO-Se on GPx activity (% of control) in NHDF cells after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GO-Se on GPx activity (% of control) in NHDF cells after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Article Snippet: NHDF cells (C-23210, PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, Lot: 0001,653,683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191,002), and 2 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

    (A) An in vitro wound healing model was used to examine the effect of GO-Se on NHDF cell migration. W 0 : wound area at 0 h (μm 2 ). Wt 24 , Wt 48 , and Wt 72 : wound area at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Quantification of wound closure at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells, presented as relative units (%). Results represent the mean of four measurements per wound area, based on four independent experiments (n = 4) by Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's Multiple comparison test. # and ## indicate comparisons between control groups at different time points (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). & indicates comparisons between GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05). ∗ indicates comparisons between the control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h. (C) Quantification of wound healing speed (μm 2 h −1 ) at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells . # Indicates comparisons between control groups at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05); ∗ indicates comparisons between control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05).

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) An in vitro wound healing model was used to examine the effect of GO-Se on NHDF cell migration. W 0 : wound area at 0 h (μm 2 ). Wt 24 , Wt 48 , and Wt 72 : wound area at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Quantification of wound closure at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells, presented as relative units (%). Results represent the mean of four measurements per wound area, based on four independent experiments (n = 4) by Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's Multiple comparison test. # and ## indicate comparisons between control groups at different time points (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). & indicates comparisons between GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05). ∗ indicates comparisons between the control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h. (C) Quantification of wound healing speed (μm 2 h −1 ) at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells . # Indicates comparisons between control groups at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05); ∗ indicates comparisons between control and GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 )-treated NHDF cells at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05).

    Article Snippet: NHDF cells (C-23210, PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, Lot: 0001,653,683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191,002), and 2 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

    Techniques: In Vitro, Migration, Control, Comparison

    Expression profiles of DDR-related proteins in NHDF cells following 24 h exposure to GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 (IC 50 ). (A) Antibody array layout showing antigen-specific antibody spots; “nbs1” control spots were used for data normalization, and “NEG” spots served as negative controls for baseline signal measurement. (B) Representative images of the original antibody arrays. (C) Heat map illustrating the relative expression levels of DDR-related proteins, with color intensity indicating normalized expression values. Data represent four independent experiments (n = 4). (D) Semi-quantitative analysis of DDR-related proteins expression using antibody microarray in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 for 24 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4) relative to control cells. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons test: ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profiles of DDR-related proteins in NHDF cells following 24 h exposure to GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 (IC 50 ). (A) Antibody array layout showing antigen-specific antibody spots; “nbs1” control spots were used for data normalization, and “NEG” spots served as negative controls for baseline signal measurement. (B) Representative images of the original antibody arrays. (C) Heat map illustrating the relative expression levels of DDR-related proteins, with color intensity indicating normalized expression values. Data represent four independent experiments (n = 4). (D) Semi-quantitative analysis of DDR-related proteins expression using antibody microarray in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 for 24 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4) relative to control cells. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons test: ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: NHDF cells (C-23210, PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, Lot: 0001,653,683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191,002), and 2 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

    Techniques: Expressing, Ab Array, Control, Microarray

    Expression profiles of cytokine-related factors in NHDF cells following 24 h treatment with GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 . A human cytokine antibody array containing 40 cytokines was used, with “POS” positive control spots applied for data normalization. (A) Each antibody was spotted in quadruplicate in a horizontal layout. (B) Representative fluorescence images of the cytokine antibody arrays. (C) Upregulated cytokines identified in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 , 24 h). The array detected nine significantly upregulated cytokines compared to control cells, including chemokines, metalloproteinase, interleukins/receptors, and macrophage inflammatory protein. (D) Downregulated cytokines identified in GO-Se–treated NHDF cells. Six cytokines were significantly downregulated, comprising adhesion receptor, metalloproteinase, interleukins/, macrophage inflammatory protein, and colony-stimulating factor. Data represent four independent experiments (n = 4). Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired Student's t-test. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.005, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Selenium-modified graphene oxide: A tri-dimensional study of its cytotoxicity and developmental effects

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102650

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profiles of cytokine-related factors in NHDF cells following 24 h treatment with GO-Se at 275 μg mL −1 . A human cytokine antibody array containing 40 cytokines was used, with “POS” positive control spots applied for data normalization. (A) Each antibody was spotted in quadruplicate in a horizontal layout. (B) Representative fluorescence images of the cytokine antibody arrays. (C) Upregulated cytokines identified in NHDF cells treated with GO-Se (275 μg mL −1 , 24 h). The array detected nine significantly upregulated cytokines compared to control cells, including chemokines, metalloproteinase, interleukins/receptors, and macrophage inflammatory protein. (D) Downregulated cytokines identified in GO-Se–treated NHDF cells. Six cytokines were significantly downregulated, comprising adhesion receptor, metalloproteinase, interleukins/, macrophage inflammatory protein, and colony-stimulating factor. Data represent four independent experiments (n = 4). Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired Student's t-test. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.005, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 vs. control.

    Article Snippet: NHDF cells (C-23210, PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, Lot: 0001,653,683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191,002), and 2 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

    Techniques: Expressing, Ab Array, Positive Control, Fluorescence, Control